Evolution of management theory henri fayol biography

French mining engineer and executive, developer of "Fayolism"

"Fayol" redirects here. For distinction French singer, see Lily Fayol.

Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 – 19 Nov 1925) was a French mining originator, mining executive, author and director a range of mines who developed a general understanding of business administration that is many a time called Fayolism.^[2] He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of accurate management but roughly contemporaneously. Like potentate contemporary Frederick Winslow Taylor, he stick to widely acknowledged as a founder be in the region of modern management methods.

Biography

Henri Fayol was born in 1841 amidst the say eruption of the industrial revolution fulfil a suburb of Constantinople (now Istanbul). His father, a military engineer, was appointed superintendent of works to compose Galata Bridge, across the Golden Horn.^[2] The family returned to France acquit yourself 1847, where Fayol graduated from say publicly mining academy "École Nationale Supérieure stilbesterol Mines" in Saint-Étienne in 1860.

That same year, aged 19, Fayol in progress working at the mining company christened "Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchambault-Decazeville" in Commentry, heavens the Auvergne region.^[3] He was chartered by Stéphane Mony, who had definite to hire the best engineers disseminate the Saint-Étienne Mining School, and Fayol joined the firm as an contriver and trainee manager. Mony made Fayol his protégé, and Fayol succeeded him as manager of the Commentry brood over when he was 25. Eventually crystal-clear was made managing director of Commentry-Fourchambault and Decazeville.^[4]

During his time at interpretation mine, he studied the causes admire underground fires, how to prevent them, how to fight them, how hitch reclaim mining areas that had antique burned, and developed a knowledge catch sight of the structure of the basin.^[3] Remove 1888 he was promoted to avenue director. During his time as self-opinionated, he made changes to improve illustriousness working situations in the mines, specified as allowing employees to work dilemma teams, and changing the division blond labor.^[3] Later, more mines were go faster to his duties.

In 1900 Fayol became a member of the Comité Central des Houillères de France, associate of the board of the Comité des forges and administrator of righteousness Société de Commentry, Fourchambault et Decazeville.^[5] Eventually, the board decided to onslaught its iron and steel business don the coal mines. They chose Henri Fayol to oversee this as nobleness new managing director. Upon receiving birth position, Fayol presented the board occur to a plan to restore the uphold. The board accepted the proposal.^[3] Close that time, the company was mine the verge of bankruptcy. With affluent and broad administrative experience, Fayol unbidden a lot in turning around rectitude company's fortunes. When he retired anxiety 1918, the company was financially sour and one of the largest profit-making combines in Europe.

Based largely make dirty his own management experience, he cultivated his concept of administration. In 1916 he promoted his ideas in Administration Industrielle et Générale, at about say publicly same time as Frederick Winslow Composer published his Principles of Scientific Management. After his retirement he became class Director of the Centre of Supervisory Studies in Paris.^[6]

Work

Fayol's work became restore generally known with the 1949 dissemination of "General and industrial administration",^[7] primacy English translation^[8] of the 1916 weigh up "Administration industrielle et générale". In that work Fayol presented his theory closing stages management, known as Fayolism. Before wind Fayol had written several articles consortium mining engineering, starting in the 1870s, and some preliminary papers on administration.^[9]

Mining engineering

Starting in the 1870s, Fayol wrote a series of articles on heritage subjects, such as on the discretional heating of coal (1879), the hint of coal beds (1887), the deposit of the Commentry, and on herb fossils (1890).

His first articles were published in the French Bulletin surety la Société de l'Industrie minérale, weather beginning in the early 1880s call the Comptes rendus de l'Académie stilbesterol sciences, the proceedings of the Gallic Academy of Sciences.

Fayolism

Main article: Fayolism

Fayol's work was one of the cap comprehensive statements of a general shyly of management.^[10] He proposed that fro were six types of organisational vitality, including management as one of these, five primary functions of management topmost fourteen principles of management.^[11]

Types of organizational activity

Fayol divided the range of activities undertaken within an industrial undertaking blocking six types:-

• technical activities
• commercial activities
• financial activities
• security activities
• accounting activities, and
• managerial activities.^[6]

Functions of management

In his original work, Administration industrielle comfortable générale; prévoyance, organisation, commandement, coordination, controle, five primary functions were identified:^[11]

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing
4. Co-ordinating
5. Controlling

The regulation function, from the French contrôler, not bad used in the sense that simple manager must receive feedback about skilful process in order to make allowable adjustments and must analyze the deviations. Lately scholars of management combined greatness directing and coordinating function into singular leading function.

Principles of management

1. Division pay for work - In practice, employees lap up specialized in different areas and they have different skills. Different levels wear out expertise can be distinguished within interpretation knowledge areas (from generalist to specialist). Personal and professional developments support that. According to Henri Fayol specialization promotes efficiency of the workforce and increases productivity. In addition, the specialization model the workforce increases their accuracy abstruse speed. This management principle of glory 14 principles of management is appropriate to both technical and managerial activities.
2. Authority and Responsibility - According to Henri Fayol, the accompanying power or shift gives the management the right resolve give orders to the subordinates.
3. Discipline - This principle is about obedience. Dissuade is often a part of influence core values of a mission service vision in the form of good thing conduct and respectful interactions.
4. Unity of slow lane - Every employee should receive immediately from only one superior or institution behalf of the superior.
5. Unity of target - Each group of organisational activities that have the same objective necessity be directed by one manager functioning one plan for achievement of suggestion common goal.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest talk to General Interest - The interests sequester any one employee or group more than a few employees should not take precedence repair the interests of the organisation by the same token a whole.
7. Remuneration - All Workers be compelled be paid a fair wage rationalize their services. The wages paid corrosion be as per a certain unfavourable of living to the employee destiny the same time it is middle the paying capacity of the company.
8. Centralization and Decentralization - This refers finish the degree to which subordinates classic involved in decision making.
9. Scalar chain - The line of authority from heraldic sign management to the lowest ranks represents the scalar chain. Communications should reach this chain. However if someone wants to communicate some other person creepycrawly emergency he/she might use "Gang Plank". ≤Fayol suggested the concept of ‘Gang Plank’ to avoid delays and grassy direct communication between two subordinates deride the same level.≥
10. Order - this rule is concerned with systematic arrangement use your indicators men, machine, material etc. There must be a specific place for every so often employee in an organization. That evolution 'a place for everything (people) stomach everything has a place'.
11. Equity - Bring to an end the employees in the organization should be treated equally with respect abide by the justice and kindliness.
12. Stability of draw of personnel - High employee business is inefficient. Management should provide clever personnel planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.
13. Initiative - Employees who are allowed to stem and carry out plans will use high levels of effort.
14. Esprit de Squad - Promoting team spirit will practise harmony and unity within the organization.

Some Fayolian principles still influence some parallel management theories to a certain degree.^[12]

Publications

Books, translated

• In 1930, Industrial and General Administration. Translated by J.A. Coubrough, London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.
• Fayol, Henri (1949). General and Industrial Management. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.

Articles, translated, spruce up selection

• 1900. "Henri Fayol addressed his colleagues in the mineral industry 23 June 1900." Translated by J.A. Coubrough. In: Fayol (1930) Industrial and General Administration. pp. 79–81 (Republished in: Wren, Bedeian & Breeze, (2002) "The foundations of Henri Fayol's administrative theoryArchived 2016-01-17 at significance Wayback Machine")
• 1909. "L'exposee des principles generaux d'administration". Translated by J.D Breeze. available in: Daniel A. Wren, Arthur Feathery. Bedeian, John D. Breeze, (2002) "The foundations of Henri Fayol's administrative theoryArchived 2016-01-17 at the Wayback Machine", Management Decision, Vol. 40 Iss: 9, pp. 906 – 918
• 1923. "The administrative theory get the picture the state". Translated by S. Greer. In: Gulick, L. and Urwick. Praise. Eds. (1937) Papers on the Information of Administration, Institute of Public Administration. New York. pp. 99–114

References

External links