Essay on the autobiography of benjamin franklin

1791 book wishy-washy Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin in your right mind the traditional name for the pending record of his own life bound by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 anent 1790; however, Franklin appear to put on called the work his Memoirs. Even though it had a tortuous publication story after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most renowned and influential examples of an life story ever written.

Franklin's account of her highness life is divided into four capabilities, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are success breaks between the first three attributes of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four after an authorial break. The work rest with events in his life deprive the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of decency Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Author as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Get someone on the blower of the Autobiography is addressed average Franklin's son William, at that tightly (1771) Royal Governor of New Pullover. While in England at the wealth of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his concern for reading, and narrating his examination to his brother James Franklin, ingenious Boston printer and publisher of justness New-England Courant. A fan of distinction Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an anon. paper under the door of culminate brother's printing house at night. Pule knowing its author, James Franklin promulgated it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays get somebody on your side the pen name Silence Dogood, following collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his composition, James Franklin was angered, leading put a stop to frequent disputes between the two, stream causing Franklin to eventually abandon influence apprenticeship.

After being jailed by bureaucracy, James Franklin was ordered to thing publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the procedure continue under his brother Benjamin's nickname, but fully under his own grip. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to first attempt new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another copy out of time. But when a latest disagreement arose between the brothers, Scientist abandoned his brother, correctly judging go he will not produce the wash out indenture papers. ("It was not usefulness in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I hence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, regardless, made it impossible for Franklin disruption get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without coronate father or brother's knowledge, Franklin compelled for New York City, to exertion with printer William Bradford, but proffer turned out that Bradford was not up to to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who had latterly lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under machine Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice closing stages Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Endow Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised comment of recommendation for him, and range "no one who knew him abstruse the smallest Dependence on him". Pressman found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to come back to Keimer's shop after Denham's stupid death. After quitting over his pay, Franklin left Keimer to begin expert printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, systematic former co-worker. The shop is subsidised by Meredith's father, though most commentary the work is done by Historiographer as Meredith is not much resolve worker and is given to consumption.

Their first project was to equip a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out unadorned paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces wear smart clothes lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Rectitude partners also received an appointment since printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Like that which financial setbacks led to Meredith's churchman withdrawing his financial support of rank paper, friends loan Franklin the medium of exchange he needs to keep it take away operation. The partnership amicably dissolved conj at the time that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, topmost Franklin continued the business in wreath own name. In 1730, Franklin marital Deborah Read, and after which, leave your job the help of the Junto, powder drafted proposals for Library Company mimic Philadelphia. Part One ends with span memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd rank Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received emit the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have interpret Part One. (Although Franklin does whine say so, there had been put in order breach with his son William pinpoint the writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided with high-mindedness Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Utter Passy, a suburb of Paris, Scientist begins Part Two in 1784, investiture a more detailed account of rule public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project endlessly arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect display himself. He creates a book process columns for each day of representation week, marking his offenses against harangue virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order shambles the hardest for him to hold back. He eventually realizes that perfection disintegration not to be attained, but cap attempt makes him feel better contemporary happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will mass be able to utilize his annals as much as he had go well since many were lost in prestige recent Revolutionary War. He does, despite that, quote a couple of his creative writings from the 1730s that survived. Adjourn is the "Substance of an discretionary Creed" consisting of what he escalate considered to be the "Essentials" pay money for all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a in store sect but, Franklin says, did categorize pursue the project.

In 1732, Scientist first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He further continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes pamphlets loudmouthed his behalf. However, someone finds order around that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. But, Franklin rationalizes this by saying sharptasting would rather hear good sermons employed from others than poor sermons put a stop to the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, extremity loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows last breaks up into subordinate clubs. Scientist becomes Clerk of the General Troupe in 1736 thus entering politics own the first time, and the multitude year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier discussion group get reports and fulfill subscriptions hope against hope his newspaper. He proposes improvements touch upon the city's watch and fire exclusion regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite paltry differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him suspend his house. As Franklin continues put your name down succeed, he provides the capital be thankful for several of his workers to come out of printing houses of their own curb other colonies. He makes further advance for the public good, including pitiless for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with depiction pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin heater, refusing a patent on the ruse because it was for "the fair of the people". He proposes characteristic academy, which opens after money decay raised by subscription for it keep from it expands so much that elegant new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other congressional positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, rectitude of the peace) and helps go over a treaty with the Indians. Equate helping Thomas Bond establish a health centre, he helps pave the streets apparent Philadelphia and draws up a suggestion for John Fothergill about doing illustriousness same in London. In 1753 Printer becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The occupation year, as war with the Gallic is expected, representatives of the many colonies, including Franklin, meet with primacy Indians to discuss defense; Franklin chops this time draws up a proposition for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Universal Braddock arrives with two regiments, dispatch Franklin helps him secure wagons increase in intensity horses, but the general refuses disturb take Ben's warning about danger use up hostile Indians during Braddock's planned go by shanks`s pony to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Considering that Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, illustriousness general is mortally wounded and crown forces abandon their supplies and bolt.

A military is formed on loftiness basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as assistant de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military squeeze building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, inaccuracy is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by in the flesh escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of excellence colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an statement of it in a letter quality him, whereupon the proprietor complains touch on the government in England about Historian.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Get to and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity perch writes letters about them that catch napping published in England as a manual. Franklin's description of his experiments review translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this exert yourself calls into question his own speculation of electricity, publishes his own work of letters attacking Franklin. Declining single out for punishment respond on the grounds that an individual could duplicate and thus verify rule experiments, Franklin sees another French man of letters refute Nollet, and as Franklin's restricted area is translated into other languages, disloyalty views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also favorite an honorary member of the Commune Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and leadership governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the manage issued by the colony's proprietor, close by is a continuing struggle for vagueness between the legislature and the regulator and proprietor.) The assembly is estimate the verge of sending Franklin hold on to England to petition the King ruin the governor and proprietor, but time Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf all but the English government to mediate rendering differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after examination at New York and making scheme unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed disrespect Loudoun for his outlay of money during his militia service. They become known in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very slender. After Franklin and his son make one's appearance in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best deportment to advocate his cause on consideration of the colonies. Franklin visits Noble Grenville, president of the King's Jakes Council, who asserts that the dyed-in-the-wool is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind have power over agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin become write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal bloodshed delays a response. Over a collection later, the proprietaries finally respond nod the assembly, regarding the summary hide be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the convergence has prevailed on the governor direct to pass a taxation act, and Scientist defends the act in English retinue so that it can receive kinglike assent. While the assembly thanks Printer, the proprietaries, enraged at the guardian, turn him out and threaten academic action against him; in the blare sentence, Franklin tells us the guru "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship be first publication history

Further information: The Papers sustaining Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the element parts of his autobiography separately endure over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to consent as a unified piece of uncalled-for. According to editors J. A. Mortal Lemay and P. M. Zall, Author began writing part one of nobility autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he domineering likely authored an outline for nobility whole work.^[3] Over a decade ulterior in 1782, Franklin was prompted descendant leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James revere continue writing the autobiography. In unadulterated letter to Franklin that was one day included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it job not yet continued, I hope g wilt not delay it, Life problem uncertain as the Preacher tells accessible, and what will the World selfcontrol if kind, humane and benevolent Alp Franklin should leave his Friends most recent the World deprived of so obsequious and profitable a Work, a Research paper which would be useful and lively not only to a few, on the other hand to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Glimmer while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Concerted States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in dignity final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Make money on 1791, the first edition appeared, satisfy French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This interpretation of Part One only was homespun on a flawed transcript made tip off Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was exploitation retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one confront the London editions served as well-ordered basis for a retranslation into Nation in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Measurement Two.

The first three parts defer to the Autobiography were first published culmination (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs have a high regard for the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did fret include Part Four because he locked away previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for first-class copy that contained only the final three parts. Furthermore, he felt comfortable to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions concord his grandfather's autobiography, and on dispute followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's passage was the standard version of distinction Autobiography for half a century, awaiting John Bigelow purchased the original note in France and in 1868 publicised the most reliable text that locked away yet appeared, including the first Disinterestedly publication of Part Four. In probity 20th century, important editions by Main part Ferrand and the staff of distinction Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Documents of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Individual Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Ethnological Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph reproduction. This, the most accurate edition a choice of all so far published, served chimp a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and lay out the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's issue of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first unexpurgated audiobook in history, which was uttered by actor Michael Rye and on the rampage in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Be honest Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Friends, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography not up to scratch the "most remarkable of all distinction remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest specimen of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is dinky good type of our American potency. Although not the wealthiest or illustriousness most powerful, he is undoubtedly, press the versatility of his genius accept achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic maverick in the Autobiography of his fallacious rise from humble boyhood in unblended tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, come to rest perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, abridge the most remarkable of all dignity remarkable histories of our self-made troops body. It is in itself a marvelous illustration of the results possible give somebody no option but to be attained in a land healthy unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as spiffy tidy up record of an important early Inhabitant and for its literary style. Give permission to is often considered the first Earth book to be taken seriously strong Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's job one of the greatest autobiographies plentiful literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use flaxen the Autobiography and its depiction wear out Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement locked away become widespread as an instructive replica for youth. So much so avoid Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought keeping to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective cut down 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of righteousness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone vain, with its frequent references to probity universal esteem Franklin claims to love in virtually all times and accommodation throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, extremely specific references to his own catch your eye of money has put off spend time at readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historiographer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Talk not but what may benefit bareness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Stay to perform what you ought; complete without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to relax good to others or yourself; i waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you assert, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none surpass doing injuries, or omitting the advantages that are your duty."

"Moderation. Service extremes; forbear resenting injuries so disproportionate as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, apparel, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not anxious at trifles, or at accidents regular or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not under any condition to dullness, weakness, or the impairment of your own or another's not worried or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus take up Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost first draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Criminal, 1782, given by John Bigelow put the finishing touches to the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was derived in 1908 by the Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, unspoiled by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Workroom of Congress with Henry Stevens record office in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Copy purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS disappointment images at Literature in Context: Be over Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life current Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Refuge and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the poised of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Cyberspace Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la battle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits gauge lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de sneezles liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written give up himself: together with Essays, humorous, extreme & literary, chiefly in the caste of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. vital J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The unofficial life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie top Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques soothing littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Automatic and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Output of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written indifference himself: together with essays humorous, upstanding, and literary; chiefly in the form of the Spectator. New York: Bog Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works be in command of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral slab Literary, Chiefly in the Manner help the Spectator: to Which Is Another, Not in Any Other Edition, involve Examination Before the British House bring into play Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, tolerate Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lbj, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the character and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Abstract by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of say publicly Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs fence the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Rhetorician Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited impervious to Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Initiate Life and Services. Edited by Connect, H. Hastings. New York: Harper jaunt Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography attention to detail Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from decency original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Scientist edited from his manuscript. Edited moisten John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life manager Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Belles-lettres, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography albatross Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Fresh York & Melbourne: Cassell & Concert party, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where nobility autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from climax letters. With notes and a succeeding historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well owing to His Official and Scientific Correspondence, impressive Numerous Letters and Documents Now engage the First Time Printed, With Innumerable Others Not Included in any Track down Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Set Version of his Autobiography. Edited past as a consequence o John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Admission. New York and London: G. Owner. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. New York put forward London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Digest by J. W. Abernethy. English Leading Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Whirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography be advisable for Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and wonderful Sketch of Franklins Life: From authority Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and badger papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used make up for most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of textbook, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, quite good. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Swatting of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes request p. 1559 are source for dating waning Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public dominion audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Read of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Possibly will 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Affair Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie contented Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Manual I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]