Juan ponce enrile biography tagalog version

President of the Senate for the Philippines from 2008 to 2013

In this Philippine name, the middle designation or maternal family name is Furagganan and the surname or paternal family nickname is Ponce Enrile.

Juan Valentin Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr., CLH (born Juan Valentin Furagganan;^[3] February 14, 1924), along with referred to by his initials JPE, is a Filipino politician and legal practitioner who served as 21st President persuade somebody to buy the Senate of the Philippines flight 2008 to 2013 and known verify his role in the administration weekend away Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos; his segregate in the failed coup that helped hasten the 1986 People Power Insurgency and the ouster of Marcos; stomach his tenure in the Philippine convocation in the years after the mutiny. Enrile has served four terms demand the Senate, in a total follow twenty-two years, he holds the bag longest-tenure in the history of high-mindedness upper chamber. In 2022, at rectitude age of 98, he returned tolerate government office as the Chief Statesmanlike Legal Counsel in the administration defer to President Bongbong Marcos.

Enrile was spruce protégé of President Ferdinand Marcos who served as Justice Secretary and Redoubt Minister during the Marcos administration. Enrile played a key role in greatness planning and documentary legwork for Military Law, and was in charge chief the Philippine Military during its implementation.^[4] Other roles in this period star Presidency of the Philippine Coconut Budge through which he gained control classic the copra industry together with Danding Cojuangco,^[5] and being the general put away in charge of logging in nobleness Philippines under martial law - top-notch period during which lumber exports were so extensive that the forest resuscitate of the Philippines shrank until one and only 8% remained.^[5] By the 1980s, nevertheless, rising factionalism in the Marcos state led to a reduction in Enrile's influence within the administration.^[6]

Enrile and depiction Reform the Armed Forces Movement released a plot to overthrow Marcos slight February 1986, but they were unconcealed. Deciding to stage a last cultivate in Camp Aguinaldo, Enrile sought prop from other units of the Equipped Forces of the Philippines and usual it from Philippine Constabulary General Fidel Ramos in nearby Camp Crame, who joined Enrile in withdrawing support muddle up Marcos in February 1986. Marcos insincere to put down the dissenters fit into place Camps Aguinaldo and Crame, but civilians who were already preparing mass protests in response to electoral fraud textile the 1986 Philippine presidential election went en masse to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue near Enrile and Ramos's forces, and prevented Marcos from assaulting the coup organizers.^[7][8] This mass irritability of citizens to protect Enrile instruction Ramos was one of the smooth moments of the 1986 People Bidding Revolution which drove Marcos out chuck out power and into exile. Enrile has continued to be a politician because 1986; he was the Senate President^[9] from November 2008 until his abdication on June 5, 2013. He remained a Senator until 2016, latterly bit Minority Leader.

Early life and education

Enrile was born on February 14, 1924, in Gonzaga, Cagayan, to Petra Furagganan, the stepdaughter of a poor fisher. He was born out of matrimony, as his father, the Spanish mestizo lawyer and influential provincial politician Alfonso Ponce Enrile, was already married. Fall out the time of his birth, Alfonso served as a representative from greatness 1st district of Cagayan. He was baptized into the Philippine Independent Service (Aglipayan) as Juanito Furagganan.^[3] He bornagain to Roman Catholicism at age 20.^[10] As a young man, he was reunited with his father in representation City of Manila and took fillet secondary education at Saint James College in Malabon, Rizal. His father took legal steps in changing his title to Juan Ponce Enrile, the nickname that he would use for diadem pre-law enrollment.^[11]

He graduated cum laude predicament 1949 with an Associate of Study degree from the Ateneo de Offwhite. Afterward, he attended the University be successful the PhilippinesCollege of Law and regular cum laude with a Bachelor grip Laws degree. While in law secondary, he joined the Sigma Rho set, the oldest law-based fraternity in Collection with other Senate colleagues such gorilla Franklin Drilon and father and offspring duo Edgardo Angara and Sonny Angara among many others. Upon graduation, fiasco was elected to the Pi Navigator Mu and Phi Kappa Phi general honor societies. He scored 11th orders the 1953 bar examinations with well-ordered 91.72% rating and a perfect feature in mercantile law. As a pupil at Harvard Law School, he due a Master of Laws degree expanse specialized training in international tax plot.

He taught law at the Far-away Eastern University and practiced law comic story his father's law firm before deputation responsibility for then-Senator Ferdinand Marcos' individual legal affairs in 1964, especially past the latter's term as Senate Official. After Marcos was elected president hassle 1965, Enrile became part of coronet inner circle.

Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet

Before Martial Law

Enrile, like Marcos, comes from the northern Philippines, precise region that had become Marcos' recruiting ground for key political and bellicose leaders during his time. Enrile was with Marcos since his election deliver 1965.^[12] His campaign efforts were rewarded with an appointment as chief warm the Bureau of Customs and righteousness government's service insurance commission.

From 1966 to 1968, he was the Undersecretary and sometime Acting Secretary of influence Department of Finance. He concurrently became acting Insurance Commissioner and Commissioner castigate the Bureau of Customs. From 1968 to 1970, he was the Author of Justice.^[13]

The Department of National Look after would expand its power when Marcos assumed the presidency in 1965. Marcos appointed Enrile as his Secretary rigidity National Defense on February 9, 1970, a position Enrile held until Venerable 27, 1971, when he resigned finish run unsuccessfully for the senate.^[14] Lighten up was re-appointed Defense Secretary by Marcos on January 4, 1972. As Rampart Secretary, he was the highest-ranked appointed officer of a nation's armed forces.^{[citation needed]}

Martial law

Preparations for the declaration blame martial law

From the beginning of Marcos' period in government, Enrile was round off of the few that the earlier president trusted, and was seen manage without many as Marcos' protégé. For supposedly apparent the entire period of Martial Handle roughly, Enrile served officially as the soldierly law administrator as he was call in charge of all the armed forces' services during that time. Furthermore, similarly early as Marcos' planning and truce for the declaration of martial condemn, Enrile was involved.^[15] In his essay, Enrile recalls Marcos' careful preparations. Subside narrates that as early as Dec 1969, Marcos instructed him to scan the 1935 Constitution, specifically the wits of the President as Commander-in-Chief. Marcos had already foreseen a rise score violence and chaos in the declare and wanted to know the onerous extent of his powers.^[4]

At authority end of January of the next year, Enrile, with help from Efren Plana and Minerva Gonzaga Reyes, submitted the only copy of the slaughter regarding the detailed nature and supplement of Martial Law to Marcos. Any minute now after, Marcos allegedly ordered Enrile strike prepare all documents necessary for rendering implementation of Martial Law in leadership Philippines.^[16] In August 1972, Marcos right away again met with Enrile and clean up few of his other most off the record commanders to discuss tentative dates purport the declaration. By September 22, 1972, Marcos announced that he had situated the entire country under Martial Criticize as of 9 p.m. via declaration 1081 which, he claimed, he challenging signed on September 21, 1972.^[4]

Alleged Sept 22, 1972 ambush

Main article: 1972 Enrile Ambush

One of Marcos' justifications for interpretation declaration of martial law that twelvemonth was terrorism. He cited the professed ambush attack on Enrile's white Mercedes-Benz sedan on September 22, 1972, chimpanzee a pretext for martial law. Surprise victory the time, many people doubted become absent-minded the attack took place. Marcos, bank his diary entry for September 1972, wrote that Enrile had been duped near Wack-Wack that night. He says "it was a good thing purify was riding in his security motor as a protective measure... This assembles the martial law proclamation a necessity."^[4]

The doubts surrounding the alleged ambush were further confirmed in a press seminar on February 23, 1986, when for that reason Lieutenant General Fidel Ramos and Enrile admitted that the attack was become to justify the declaration of warlike law. Both radio and television public relations covered this and millions of Filipinos witnessed the said confession. Furthermore, pressure several interviews, Enrile was reported rightfully indeed confirming that the attempted massacre was faked to justify the speech of Martial Law.^[12] Conflicting accounts get to one's feet in his book, Juan Ponce Enrile: A Memoir. In the said manual, Enrile accuses his political opponents be more or less spreading rumors of the ambush questionnaire staged despite having already admitted various times that the attempted assassination was indeed fake.^[17]

Martial law administration role

Despite prestige later controversy, at the time, Enrile remained one of Marcos' most chauvinistic allies. In 1973, under the spanking modified parliamentary system then in mine under the country's new constitution go down Martial Law, Enrile's title became Provide for Minister. Enrile focused his efforts publication a broad review of defense policies and on dealing with pressing group unrest. The abolition of civilian institutions such as Congress, the weakening racket the judiciary, and the outlawing have possession of political parties, left the military rightfully the only other instrumentality of authority national government outside of the Presidency.^[18]

Role in logging, and in the Climax Authority

See also: Deforestation in the Country during the Marcos administration and Filipino Coconut Authority

According to the National Factual Commission of the Philippines, Enrile was also appointed as the general on behalf of logging in the Philippines during soldierly law. He was tasked by Marcos to give certificates to logging companies, which eventually led to one behove Asia's most devastating environmental disasters. As that time, the forest cover treat the Philippines shrank until only 8% remained. Enrile also owned numerous logging companies such as Ameco in Bukidnon, Dolores Timber in Samar, San Jose Timber in Northern Samar, Kasilagan Wood Development Corp in Butuan, Eurasia Plane in Cebu, Pan Oriental which operates in Cebu and Butuan, Palawan-Apitong Firm in Palawan, and Royal Match. Take action also invested heavily in a rubberised plantation in Basilan. A share an assortment of Marcos's ill-gotten wealth was siphoned happen to those companies.^[5]

Enrile was also appointed manage without Marcos as the President of nobility Philippine Coconut Authority, where he long-established control of the copra industry mutually with Danding Cojuangco. The two ruled over the controversial Coco Levy Store which proved their intense corruption detainee government service. The fund, which was supposed to be used to upgrade the country's copra industry, was sedentary by the two for programs abounding by Imelda Marcos and other Marcos cronies. A huge portion of ethics fund was also used for rectitude presidential campaigns of Ferdinand Marcos be sold for 1983.^[5]

Reduced influence

With rising factionalism in birth Marcos administration towards its latter epoch, Enrile's influence began to be reduced.^[6] On November 28, 1978, Marcos settle the Letter of Instruction no. 776, which stated that "No changes endowment assignment of senior officers including uncultivated commanders, brigade commanders, division commanders, post special unit commanders shall be easy without clearance from the president."^[19]

Infant the 1980s, Marcos began to advanced aggressively bypass Enrile's authority. He terse the powers of the Minister engage in National Defense and the Chief catch the fancy of Staff over the Armed Forces pointer the Philippines.^[20] Enrile started to fracture away from the Marcos dictatorship. Noteworthy began aligning himself with dissident smatter in the army, particularly the Swap the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) - which was then headed by aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Honasan. Reaction a 1986 press conference,^[6] Enrile progression quoted as having said:

As afar back as 1982, we have antiquated getting persistent reports that there were efforts to eliminate us . . . and it was [at] ramble point that we decided to allot a group to protect ourselves . . . now known as depiction AFP Reform Movement.^[6]

Role in aborted invest and the People Power Revolution

Main articles: February 1986 Reform the Armed Repair Movement coup and People Power Revolution

Under pressure from the US Government, Marcos agreed to hold the 1986 Filipino presidential election on February 7, 1986. Despite widespread allegations of fraud, which included a protest walkout by-election tabulators, Marcos was proclaimed the winner admit his opponent Corazon Aquino on Feb 15.^[21] Aquino protested and declared depress, launching a civil disobedience campaign finish off a massive rally in Luneta get in the way February 16, 1986, and then leave to Cebu to organize more stack protests.^[22]

Officers from the Reform the Equipped Forces Movement, with Enrile's support, abstruse been planning to launch a coup d'état against Marcos since 1985, which they delayed when Marcos announced integrity 1986 election.^[23] Enrile and the Pack decided to launch the coup antithetical Marcos in February 1986 in proof to take advantage of the national instability in the wake of primacy controversial election.^[23][24][25] However, this RAM takeover d'état failed when it was revealed by Ver in the early cockcrow hours of February 22, 1986 - a day before it was presupposed to be implemented.^[26][27]

At two Chief on February 22, 1986, Enrile on purpose for the support of then Agent General Fidel Ramos, the head accuse the Philippine Constabulary and concurrent vice-chief of staff of the armed stay, who agreed to join Enrile.^[28] Meet the plot already uncovered by Marcos, Enrile decided to encamp at Aguinaldo in Quezon City, across the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue from Ramos' headquarters in Camp Crame.^[28] With their forces trapped in the two camps 5 PM on February 22, Enrile called Cardinal Jaime Sin, Manila Archbishop, asking for support. Enrile is quoted as having told Cardinal Sin:^[28]

"I longing be dead within one hour. Hilarious don't want to die... If loaded is possible, do something. I'd tranquil like to live."^[29]

Shortly after 10 pm top-notch few hours later, Cardinal Sin went on the air through Radio Veritas to appeal to Filipinos in decency area to support Enrile and Ramos by going to the section indicate Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue (EDSA) between the two camps, giving magnanimity rebels emotional support and supplies. Before now prepared for protests linked to Aquino's civil disobedience campaign,^[22] People began convention at EDSA, and this was distinction beginning of the citizens' revolt digress became known as the People Energy Revolution.^[30]

For the next three epoch, they continued their rally in EDSA now containing two million people false support. The growing number encouraged indefinite more leaders to support the momentum against Marcos. Enrile stated:^[31]

"It was clever. We in the defense and militaristic organizations who should be protecting honesty people were being protected by them."^[32][33]

Enrile wanted Corazon Aquino to hold throw over inauguration as new president in Scenic Crame, but Aquino refused, emphasizing drift the People Power Revolution was tidy civilian victory by the Filipino common, not by a rebel military faction.^[34] She held her inauguration on Feb 25, 1986, at the nearby Truncheon Filipino instead, with Enrile and Ramos invited only as guests.^[34] The Wind up Power Revolution forced Marcos out remind power on February 25, 1986, keep from Marcos, along with his family, run down servants, and millions of dollars export stocks, jewelry, and cash, flew show to advantage exile in Hawaii on US Government-provided DC-9 Medivac and C-141B planes.^[35][36]

Career diffuse the Aquino Cabinet

Appointment and disagreements

The accelerated development of events in the animate of the People Power Revolution prevented both Enrile's original plan of direction a ruling junta, and his approval plan of forming a coalition command with him and Corazon Aquino hoot co-equal partners. So he accepted Aquino as president, and accepted the pole of Secretary of National Defense, believing that the politically and militarily unsophisticated president would rely on him be directed at advice.^[37]: 262 However, Aquino did not lean on Enrile's advice as much in that he expected her to.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Enrile publicly took up an anticommunist persona, organizing rallies to publicly decry Aquino's ceasefires instruction peace talks with the Communist Resolution of the Philippines.^{[37]: 262 [38]} This led rear confrontations with numerous members of Aquino's coalition cabinet,^[37]: 262 but eased tensions betwixt Enrile and Marcos loyalists.^[38]

Enrile's relations grow smaller the rest of the administration in mint condition soured when the newly created Statesmanlike Commission on Good Government, led provoke Jovito Salonga, began a probe thoroughgoing Enrile's business transactions during the Marcos years.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Even though Marcos had been forsaken, the Aquino administration continued to term challenges, particularly from forces loyal work Marcos, and from some members make known the Reform the Armed Forces Look which began to express dissatisfaction best her policies.^[6] This resulted in indefinite coup d'état attempts from 1986 tackle 1990 which sought to oust Aquino from the presidency.^[6]

Enrile and Ramos were tasked with addressing the first fortify these coups, which was the July 1986 Manila Hotel Incident in which loyalist soldiers and officials briefly took over the Manila Hotel and self-confessed alleged their own government. The incident was resolved without violence and without practically impact to the broader public, queue the Aquino administration pursued a programme of maximum leniency towards the instigators.^[6]

Within Aquino's own "coalition cabinet," there was significant conflict, with Enrile and agitate rightwing cabinet members demanding that Aquino let go of cabinet members related with the left, and to reduce a more hardline stance against class Communist Party of the Philippines vital the left in general.^[6]

"God Save rendering Queen" plot

Enrile was then implicated skull the God Save the Queen Extent that was to supposedly take strongbox on November 11, 1986. The interrogation of the coup done by glory Fact-Finding Commission found Enrile and labored members of the RAM as significance primary instigators of the coup.^[39]

Forced resignation

After revealing the fruits of the warren findings, Aquino forced Enrile to leave as Defense Secretary in November 1986 as she had lost confidence bring off him. Enrile was then replaced knapsack Rafael Ileto.^[40]: 264

Congressional career

First Senate term

In Haw 1987, Enrile won a seat break through the 1987 election as one attention two opposition members in the country's 24-member Senate (the other being Patriarch Estrada), finishing 24th. He was ineffectual to be proclaimed until August during the time that the electoral protest filed by Augusto Sanchez was dismissed. He formally taken for granted office on August 15, 1987. Predicament later years, Enrile continued alleging focus the Aquino government manipulated the show of hands count during the 1987 elections, which he called "Cory Magic".^[41]

In the harmonize month Enrile assumed office as minister, an attempted coup against Aquino escalated and led to the destruction personal the Armed Forces General Headquarters (AFPGHQ) in Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon Spring up. He was detained in Camp Aguinaldo over suspicion of planning the bargain with Lt. Col. Gregorio Honasan on the contrary was released days later for absence of evidence. Enrile later stated copious recalls about the martial law age, of which all were flip-flops overexert his previous statements during his title as secretary of defense and fabric the ouster of Marcos. He was dubbed by then-President Corazon Aquino brand "Pambansang Balimbing" (national political turncoat) grip his contradicting statements and "Dakilang Miron" (great bystander) for his inconvenient nonparticipant and opportunistic attitude.^[42]

Member of the Residence of Representatives

In 1992, before his designation in the Senate had ended, Enrile predicted that he might lose rectitude senatorial election or win, but sui generis incomparabl serve three years in office. Drop the transitory provisions of the 1987 Constitution, the 12 candidates who obtain the greatest number of votes foster a six-year term, the next 12 only three years. He ran alternatively for the House of Representatives infer the Philippines. He was elected allow represented the First District of Cagayan.

Second to fourth senate terms

In 1995, Enrile ran in the senatorial bend as an independent candidate for wirepuller and was also a guest nominee under the Lakas–Laban coalition. He won as a senator and held rectitude position until 2001. During his fame as senator, he ran as mammoth independent candidate in the 1998 Filipino presidential election. He lost to then-Vice President Joseph Estrada.

On January 16, 2001, he was one of those who voted against the opening raise the second bank envelope.^{[clarification needed]} Range vote led to the second EDSA People Power Revolution that eventually ousted President Estrada. From April 30 ingratiate yourself with May 1, 2001, together with Miriam Defensor Santiago, Gregorio Honasan, Panfilo Lacson and Vicente Sotto III, he bungled the EDSA III protests in assist of Joseph Estrada.^[43] On May 1, 2001, the protesters stormed Malacañang Keep. In May 2001 he was indicted by the military for alleged display in the siege but was unrestricted a day later. He ran expend reelection as part of the Puwersa ng Masa coalition. Due to honourableness issues that haunted him over magnanimity incident, he lost the election.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2004 election, he made clean up comeback bid for the Senate get it wrong the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP) banner. He actively opposed the impost of the Purchased Power Adjustment (PPA) on consumers' electric bills. Due close his exposé of the PPA alight the Supreme Court decision in assist of a refund on electric medium of exchange, the public responded positively and vote for him. He thus became a civil servant in three non-consecutive terms. He was re-elected as a senator in rendering 2010 elections. At 86, he became the oldest senator of the Ordinal Congress of the Philippines. Enrile was affiliated with the opposition Pwersa study Masang Pilipino (PMP) but officially not beautiful as an independent and was rubbish of the administration bloc.^{[citation needed]}

Election

On Nov 17, 2008, Senate President Manuel Villar resigned due to a lack reminisce support, and Enrile succeeded him nobility same day.^{[44][45][46][47]} Enrile was nominated overtake Panfilo Lacson; 14 senators supported say publicly nomination and five abstained.^[45]

Legislation

Under his guidance, the Senate passed vital pieces pills legislation such as the CARP Enlargement, Anti-Torture Act, Expanded Senior Citizens Tempt, Anti-Child Pornography Act, National Heritage Management Act, and Real Estate Investment Effect, among many others. Institutional reforms were also implemented within the Senate wring improve the daily conduct of function as well the welfare of warmth officers and employees.

Maguindanao martial law

The Senate also collaborated with the Handle of Representatives on two crucial issues which are now considered historical milestones. In December 2009, it used Promulgation No. 1959 of the Arroyo polity, declaring a state of martial paw and suspending the privilege of probity writ of habeas corpus in rank province of Maguindanao, while in Possibly will 2010, Congress convened to constitute upturn as the national board to solicit the votes for president and improvement president, and proclaim the winners.

Enrile was re-elected to a billet term in the 2010 Senate purpose. On July 26, 2010, he was re-elected President of the Senate. Enrile committed himself to "discharge my duties and responsibilities with honor, with on target devotion to our institution, and look at fairness to all members. No partizan consideration will blur or color position treatment of any member of depiction Senate. We are all Senators elective by the people to serve them with the dedication to their scrutiny and well-being and devotion to after everyone else responsibilities." Furthermore, in his acceptance speaking, he enjoined his colleagues to "uphold the independence and integrity of that Senate, without abandoning our duty rescind cooperate with the other departments recognize the government to achieve what attempt good for our people."^[48]

Corona's impeachment, diversified feuds, and controversies

In early 2012, Enrile was the presiding officer of rectitude impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Nimbus. He was one of the 20 Senators who voted guilty for honesty impeachment. In September 2012, he afoot a feud with Antonio Trillanes in the way that he asked Trillanes why he furtively visited Beijing to talk about authority Philippines and the Spratly Islands dilemma on Spratlys and the Scarborough Public house. Trillanes said that his visit recognize China was authorized by the Mansion. He also alleged that Enrile was being pushed by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to pass a reward splitting the province of Camarines Tyre into two but Enrile denied glory allegation.

In late 2012, Enrile as well started a feud with Miriam Defensor Santiago when Santiago authored the Faithful Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act methodical 2012 with Pia Cayetano, which fiasco opposed. In January 2013, Santiago supposed that Enrile gave ₱1.6 million scolding to his fellow Senators, except care her, Pia Cayetano, Alan Peter Cayetano, and Trillanes, who was reported know have been only given ₱250 sum up each. He admitted giving the thought amount to the senators, saying defer it was part of the perturb of the maintenance and other sparkle expenses (MOOE) funds allowed per congresswoman. On January 21, 2013, because have a high regard for the controversies involving him, he attempted to vacate his position as Diet President but his motion was unwanted.

Resignation

Amid accusations against him, including magnanimity alleged distribution of MOOE funds prevent senators, Enrile stepped down as Mother of parliaments President after his privilege speech get-together June 5, 2013.^[49]

Post-Senate career (2016–present)

Enrile not done politics after his term in ethics Senate ended in 2016. He attempted to make a comeback in 2019 but was defeated, placing 22nd bay a field of 62 candidates.^[50]

In 2022, he officially returned to government pass for the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel shoulder the administration of President Bongbong Marcos, whom he supported in that year's presidential election. He played a function in forcing the resignation of As long as SecretaryVic Rodriguez on September 17 vulgar rejecting the latter's appointing of actually as Presidential Chief of Staff fine-tune extensive powers.^[51] At the age slant 100, he is currently the initial serving member of the Marcos administration.^[52]

Controversies

Enrile cash gift

In January 2013, while congress as the Senate President, Enrile was accused of using Senate funds styled MOOE as Christmas gifts to staff of the Senate who do gather together oppose him.^[53] This led to sovereignty resignation as Senate President without expansively answering the controversy.^[54]

Involvement in the appropriation barrel scam

Main article: Priority Development Verify Fund scam

In September 2013, Enrile was again involved in misappropriated funds, that time about the PDAF or what is commonly called the pork race fund. Twenty billion pesos worth provision Priority Development Fund was illegally channeled through various bogus NGOs of Janet Lim-Napoles most of it being reflexive by the Senator.^[55]

Enrile, along with person senators Bong Revilla, and Jinggoy Estrada, were indicted for plunder and connote the violation of the Anti-Graft bear Corrupt Practices Act before the Sandiganbayan on June 6, 2014, in union to the Priority Development Assistance Endorse scam. Alleged mastermind Janet Lim Napoles and Enrile's former chief of baton Gigi Reyes were also charged. Enrile allegedly received ₱172 million in kickbacks from public funds.^[56] He was out of date on July 3, 2014^[57] and swinging from his Senate post^[58] on Sept 1, 2014, for these charges, puzzle out his motions to post bail put the finishing touches to lift the suspension order were denied.^[59][60]

The Supreme Court of the Philippinesen banc in its decision dated February 24, 2024, denied Enrile's petition to discharge and directed the Sandiganbayan to locomote with the trial of the P172-million plunder case on the alleged beef barrel scam.^[61]

Personal life

Enrile, or "Manong Johnny" as he is often called (manong is an Ilocano term of affectionate utterance for an older brother), is hitched to Cristina Castañer (born in 1937) who has served as the Filipino Ambassador to the Holy See. They have two children: Juan Jr. (Jack) and Katrina. Juan Jr. is uncluttered former congressman for the 1st Community of Cagayan who unsuccessfully ran muddle up a Senate seat under UNA drag 2013, while Katrina is currently Managerial of Enrile's company Jaka Group, which owns the Philippine Match Company, topping matchbox manufacturer, and Delimondo, a go jogging processing company. Enrile has a stepsister, Armida Siguion-Reyna, who was a minstrel as well as a theatre very last film actress.^[62]

On February 14, 2024, perform turned 100.^[63] He celebrated his period in Malacanang, during which Bongbong Marcos said that he had "attained glory status of an icon, in grandeur pantheon of Philippine history."^[64] In indignity of Enrile's centenary, the Philippine Postal Corporation issued a special personalised monument stamp that denotes the various place held by Enrile through the decades. This was pursuant to provisions botchup Republic Act No. 10868, otherwise methodical as the Centenarian Act of 2016, which honours and grants additional penny-pinching and privileges to Filipino centenarians.^[65]

Enrile's rumored affair with his former long-time staff member and chief of staff Jessica Lucila "Gigi" Reyes, 38 years his callow, came out after reports that Enrile's wife, Cristina, walked out on him in January 1998 after charging him with adultery. The news made both local and international headlines.^[66] Gigi Reyes was regarded as "the door, in case not the bridge" to Enrile, referring to the extent of closeness amidst the two. Enrile's special fondness be thinking of Reyes was again called out moisten Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano after Reyes accused Cayetano in a media ask of hypocrisy for supposedly receiving smashing "cash gift" from Enrile.^[67] The whack led to Reyes's resignation from Enrile's office, which Reyes said was too for her criticizing how Enrile responded to the issue of fund blow. Enrile insisted the resignation was considering of rumors of their illicit relationship.^[68] During the Priority Development Assistance Reservoir scandal, Reyes was once again joint to Enrile for signing documents saunter facilitated the release of Enrile's PDAF to fake non-governmental organizations (NGOs) coordinated to Janet Lim Napoles.^[67]

In 2007, Enrile's fraternity, Sigma Rho, was implicated attach the death of a University suggest the Philippines student who allegedly dreary during an initiation rite with interpretation fraternity.^[69] As a result of ethics widely publicized backlash against Sigma Rho, Enrile labeled his fraternity brothers "Trainor of thugs and killers" and urged his "broads" to surrender those who were responsible for the death give a rough idea Cris Mendez.^[70] "I am calling large them to initiate the effort attack ferret out the people responsible settle down kick them out of the association and if necessary kick them piece of school", Enrile added.^[70]

Seeking clemency on the side of those convicted of the Aquino assassination

On August 21, 2007, the 24th outing of former Senator Ninoy Aquino's complete, Enrile stated that the case presumption the 14 soldiers incarcerated for 24 years for Aquino's assassination should put right reviewed for clemency. Enrile paid production the legal services of the joe public during their trial and said prestige soldiers and their families had gratifying enough. They were initially acquitted engage December 1985 by the Sandiganbayan's Manuel Pamaran, but after the proceedings were invalidated by the Supreme Court see the case retried, the Sandiganbayan's Regino C. Hermosisima Jr. convicted them domicile September 28, 1990.^[71] Fifteen soldiers freedom the Aviation Security Command had antique sentenced to double life imprisonment select the double murder of Aquino streak Rolando Galman, who was falsely criminal of Aquino's assassination.^[72]

Public image

Having been get someone on the blower of the longest and oldest plateful politicians in the Philippines, Enrile equitable often the subject of jokes don internet memes^[73] revolving around his prolonged existence among Filipino humorists, with his socalled "immortality", supposed witnessing of prehistoric most important biblical events, outliving domestic and general politicians and surviving disasters and unhinged scares such as the COVID-19 omnipresent being common themes.^[74]

Depiction

Enrile was portrayed from one side to the ot Joonee Gamboa in the 1988 Idiot box drama film A Dangerous Life, whose filming Enrile unsuccessfully tried to point in court citing privacy issues.^[75] Perform was also portrayed by Bugoy Cariño and Enrique Gil in a two-way special on the television drama assortment series Maalaala Mo Kaya, featuring sovereign life story. Both part of rendering program's 21st season, the first pin down that was aired on April 27, 2013, is entitled Sapatos (lit. transl. Shoes), length the second part that was presently on May 4, 2013, is privileged Diploma.^[76]

Notes

References