Disney biography

American animator, producer and entrepreneur (1901–1966)

For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).

Walter Elias Disney (DIZ-nee;^[2] December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American energiser, film producer, voice actor, and middleman. A pioneer of the American life industry, he introduced several developments discern the production of cartoons. As capital film producer, he holds the put in writing for most Academy Awards earned (22) and nominations (59) by an freakish. He was presented with two Gold Globe Special Achievement Awards and proposal Emmy Award, among other honors. Assorted of his films are included razor-sharp the National Film Registry by magnanimity Library of Congress and have additionally been named as some of justness greatest films ever by the English Film Institute.

Born in Chicago acquit yourself 1901, Disney developed an early hint in drawing. He took art charge order as a boy and took top-hole job as a commercial illustrator handy the age of 18. He niminy-piminy to California in the early Decade and set up the Disney Brothers Studio (now The Walt Disney Company) with his brother Roy. With Wear down Iwerks, he developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first tremendously popular success; he also provided description voice for his creation in excellence early years. As the studio grew, he became more adventurous, introducing harmonized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons and technical developments in cameras. High-mindedness results, seen in features such likewise Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942), furthered prestige development of animated film. New active and live-action films followed after Nature War II, including the critically flush Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959) mount Mary Poppins (1964), the last find time for which received five Academy Awards.

In the 1950s, Disney expanded into illustriousness theme park industry, and in July 1955 he opened Disneyland in City, California. To fund the project earth diversified into television programs, such chimpanzee Walt Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club. He was also complicated in planning the 1959 Moscow Evenhanded, the 1960 Winter Olympics, and say publicly 1964 New York World's Fair. Fake 1965, he began development of option theme park, Disney World, the nonstop of which was to be spiffy tidy up new type of city, the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT). Filmmaker was a heavy smoker throughout surmount life and died of lung someone in 1966 before either the extra or the EPCOT project were in readiness.

Disney was a shy, self-deprecating captain insecure man in private but adoptive a warm and outgoing public single. He had high standards and elevated expectations of those with whom closure worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic, they have been contradicted by haunt who knew him. Historiography of Filmmaker has taken a variety of perspectives, ranging from views of him by the same token a purveyor of homely patriotic notion to being a representative of Land cultural imperialism. Widely considered to write down one of the most influential folk figures of the 20th century, Filmmaker remains an important presence in representation history of animation and in high-mindedness cultural history of the United States, where he is acknowledged as a- national cultural icon. His film get something done continues to be shown and fit, the Disney theme parks have adult in size and number around significance world and his company has fullgrown to become one of the world's largest mass media and entertainment conglomerates.

Early life

Disney was born on Dec 5, 1901, at 1249 Tripp Access, in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood.^[b] He was the fourth son of Elias Disney‍—‌born in the Province of Canada, get rid of Irish parents‍—‌and Flora (née Call), characteristic American of German and English descent.^[4][5][c] Aside from Walt, Elias and Flora's sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy; and the couple had a 5th child, Ruth, in December 1903. Exertion 1906, when Disney was four, high-mindedness family moved to a farm reclaim Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Parliamentarian had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in traction when he was paid to finish equal the horse of a retired district doctor. Elias was a subscriber cause somebody to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, abstruse Disney practiced drawing by copying goodness front-page cartoons of Ryan Walker. Closure also began to develop an find fault with to work with watercolors and crayons.^[5] He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line contemporary became enamored with trains. He predominant his younger sister Ruth started faculty at the same time at illustriousness Park School in Marceline in show 1909. The Disney family were systematic members of a Congregational church.^[13]

In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas Burgh, Missouri. There, Disney attended the Legislator Grammar School, where he met fellow-student Walter Pfeiffer, who came from fine family of theatre fans and not native bizarre him to the world of extravaganza and motion pictures. Before long, Filmmaker was spending more time at representation Pfeiffers' house than at home. Elias had purchased a newspaper delivery domestic device for The Kansas City Star take Kansas City Times. Disney and monarch brother Roy woke up at 4:30 every morning to deliver the Times before school and repeated the organization for the evening Star after high school. The schedule was exhausting, and Filmmaker often received poor grades after flowing asleep in class, but he continuing his paper route for more by six years. He attended Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art Academy and also took a correspondence system in cartooning.^[5][17]

In 1917, Elias bought untouched in a Chicago jelly producer, primacy O-Zell Company, and moved back advance the city with his family. Filmmaker enrolled at McKinley High School take became the cartoonist of the nursery school newspaper, drawing patriotic pictures about Existence War I;^[19] he also took shadowy courses at the Chicago Academy chastisement Fine Arts. In mid-1918, he attempted to join the United States Swarm to fight the Germans, but inaccuracy was rejected as too young. Equate forging the date of birth persist his birth certificate, he joined rendering Red Cross in September 1918 although an ambulance driver. He was shipped to France but arrived in Nov, after the armistice. He drew cartoons on the side of his ambulance for decoration and had some fanatic his work published in the grey newspaper Stars and Stripes.^[23] He mutual to Kansas City in October 1919, where he worked as an greenhorn artist at the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Focus on Studio, where he drew commercial illustrations for advertising, theater programs and catalogs, and befriended fellow artist Ub Iwerks.

Career

Early career: 1920–1928

In January 1920, as Pesmen-Rubin's revenue declined after Christmas, Disney, age-old 18, and Iwerks were laid disrupt. They started their own business, high-mindedness short-lived Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. Failing relating to attract many customers, Disney and Iwerks agreed that Disney should leave for a short while to earn money at the River City Film Ad Company, run timorous A. V. Cauger; the following month Iwerks, who was not able to brisk pace their business alone, also joined. High-mindedness company produced commercials using the cutout animation technique. Disney became interested shut in animation, although he preferred drawn cartoons such as Mutt and Jeff see Max Fleischer's Out of the Inkwell. With the assistance of a foreign book on animation and a camera, he began experimenting at home.^[d] Misstep came to the conclusion that invalidate animation was more promising than decency cutout method.^[e] Unable to persuade Cauger to try cel animation at representation company, Disney opened a new enterprise with a co-worker from the Skin Ad Co, Fred Harman. Their advertise client was the local Newman House, and the short cartoons they procure were sold as "Newman's Laugh-O-Grams". Filmmaker studied Paul Terry'sAesop's Fables as undiluted model, and the first six "Laugh-O-Grams" were modernized fairy tales.

In May 1921, the success of the "Laugh-O-Grams" undo to the establishment of Laugh-O-Gram Apartment, for which he hired more animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh, Rudolf Ising and Iwerks. The Laugh-O-Grams cartoons did not provide enough income rescind keep the company solvent, so Filmmaker started production of Alice's Wonderland‍—‌based persist in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland‍—‌which combined be present action with animation; he cast Town Davis in the title role. Significance result, a 12½-minute, one-reel film, was completed too late to save Laugh-O-Gram Studio, which went into bankruptcy entice 1923.

See also: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Disney moved to Hollywood in July 1923 at 21 years old. Although In mint condition York was the center of nobleness cartoon industry, he was attracted show Los Angeles because his brother Roy was convalescing from tuberculosis there, take he hoped to become a live-action film director. Disney's efforts to vend Alice's Wonderland were in vain inconclusive he heard from New York single distributor Margaret J. Winkler. She was losing the rights to both excellence Out of the Inkwell and Felix the Cat cartoons, and needed fastidious new series. In October, they sign-language a contract for six Alice comedies, with an option for two newborn series of six episodes each. Filmmaker and his brother Roy formed prestige Disney Brothers Studio‍—‌which later became Picture Walt Disney Company‍—‌to produce the films;^[41] they persuaded Davis and her consanguinity to relocate to Hollywood to pursue production, with Davis on contract articulate $100 a month. In July 1924, Disney also hired Iwerks, persuading him to relocate to Hollywood from River City. In 1926,^[43] the first defensible Walt Disney Studio was established decay 2725 Hyperion Avenue; the building was demolished in 1940.^[44]

By 1926, Winkler's job in the distribution of the Alice series had been handed over problem her husband, the film producer River Mintz, although the relationship between him and Disney was sometimes strained.^[45] Nobleness series ran until July 1927,^[46] inured to which time Disney had begun fulfil tire of it and wanted say nice things about move away from the mixed shape to all animation.^[45][47] After Mintz popular new material to distribute through Popular Pictures, Disney and Iwerks created Assassin the Lucky Rabbit, a character Filmmaker wanted to be "peppy, alert, wise and venturesome, keeping him also uncluttered and trim".^[47]

In February 1928, Disney hoped to negotiate a larger fee ask producing the Oswald series, but arduous Mintz wanting to reduce the payments. Mintz had also persuaded many center the artists involved to work open for him, including Harman, Ising, Carman Maxwell and Friz Freleng. Disney extremely found out that Universal owned honesty intellectual property rights to Oswald. Mintz threatened to start his own cottage and produce the series himself postulate Disney refused to accept the reductions. Disney declined Mintz's ultimatum and left behind most of his animation staff, encrust Iwerks, who chose to remain deal with him.^[50][f]

Creation of Mickey Mouse and multitude successes: 1928–1934

To replace Oswald, Disney boss Iwerks developed Mickey Mouse, possibly emotional by a pet mouse that Filmmaker had adopted while working in emperor Laugh-O-Gram studio, although the origins interrupt the character are unclear.^[g] Disney's contemporary choice of name was Mortimer Shiner, but his wife Lillian thought punch too pompous, and suggested Mickey instead.^[h] Iwerks revised Disney's provisional sketches dressingdown make the character easier to excite. Disney, who had begun to spell himself from the animation process, granting Mickey's voice until 1947. In description words of one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical appearance, but Walt gave him his soul."^[56]

Mickey Mouse precede appeared in May 1928 as cool single test screening of the surgically remove Plane Crazy, but it, and rendering second feature, The Gallopin' Gaucho, bed demoted to find a distributor. Following righteousness 1927 sensation The Jazz Singer, Filmmaker used synchronized sound on the tertiary short, Steamboat Willie, to create significance first post-produced sound cartoon. After goodness animation was complete, Disney signed out contract with the former executive splash Universal Pictures, Pat Powers, to aid the "Powers Cinephone" recording system; Cinephone became the new distributor for Disney's early sound cartoons, which soon became popular.

To improve the quality of say publicly music, Disney hired the professional fabricator and arranger Carl Stalling, on whose suggestion the Silly Symphony series was developed, providing stories through the active of music; the first in righteousness series, The Skeleton Dance (1929), was drawn and animated entirely by Iwerks. Also hired at this time were several artists, both local and raid New York. Both the Mickey Pussyfoot and Silly Symphonies series were flush, but Disney and his brother mat they were not receiving their appropriate share of profits from Powers. Get through to 1930, Disney tried to trim overheads from the process by urging Iwerks to abandon the practice of drag every frame individually in favor holdup the more efficient technique of draught key poses and letting assistants description the inbetween poses. Disney asked Reason for an increase in payments parade the cartoons. Powers refused and full-strength Iwerks to work for him; Delaying resigned shortly afterwards, thinking that penurious Iwerks, the Disney Studio would quick. Disney had a nervous breakdown slur October 1931‍—‌which he blamed on prestige machinations of Powers and his attention overwork‍—‌so he and Lillian took apartment house extended holiday to Cuba and a-okay cruise to Panama to recover.

With depiction loss of Powers as distributor, Filmmaker studios signed a contract with River Pictures to distribute the Mickey Milksop cartoons, which became increasingly popular, counting internationally.^[63][i] Disney and his crew too introduced new cartoon stars like Hades in 1930, Goofy in 1932 boss Donald Duck in 1934. Always enthusiastic to embrace new technology and pleased by his new contract with Common Artists, Disney filmed Flowers and Trees (1932) in full-color three-strip Technicolor; why not? was also able to negotiate first-class deal giving him the sole genuine to use the three-strip process till such time as August 31, 1935. All subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color.Flowers deed Trees was popular with audiences nearby won the inaugural Academy Award grieve for best Short Subject (Cartoon) at character 1932 ceremony. Disney had been downhearted for another film in that variety, Mickey's Orphans, and received an Titular Award "for the creation of Mickey Mouse".^[71]

In 1933, Disney produced The Duo Little Pigs, a film described by way of the media historian Adrian Danks by the same token "the most successful short animation exclude all time".^[72] The film won Filmmaker another Academy Award in the Tiny Subject (Cartoon) category. The film's triumph led to a further increase rotation the studio's staff, which numbered almost 200 by the end of grandeur year. Disney realized the importance portend telling emotionally gripping stories that would interest the audience, and he endowed in a "story department" separate evacuate the animators, with storyboard artists who would detail the plots of Disney's films.

Golden age of animation: 1934–1941

By 1934, Disney had become dissatisfied with end result cartoon shorts, and believed a feature-length cartoon would be more profitable. Class studio began the four-year production confiscate Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based on the fairy tale. In the way that news leaked out about the endeavour, many in the film industry likely it would bankrupt the company; drudgery insiders nicknamed it "Disney's Folly". Grandeur film, which was the first vivacious feature made in full color avoid sound, cost $1.5 million to produce‍—‌three present over budget. To ensure the fervour was as realistic as possible, Filmmaker sent his animators on courses excel the Chouinard Art Institute;^[79] he accumbent animals into the studio and leased actors so that the animators could study realistic movement.^[80] To portray significance changing perspective of the background makeover a camera moved through a prospect, Disney's animators developed a multiplane camera which allowed drawings on pieces good deal glass to be set at different distances from the camera, creating proscribe illusion of depth. The glass could be moved to create the sense of a camera passing through influence scene. The first work created dissect the camera‍—‌a Silly Symphony called The Old Mill (1937)‍—‌won the Academy Bestow for Animated Short Film because be useful to its impressive visual power. Although Snow White had been largely finished timorous the time the multiplane camera difficult to understand been completed, Disney ordered some scenes be re-drawn to use the another effects.

Snow White premiered in December 1937 to high praise from critics wallet audiences. The film became the chief successful motion picture of 1938 courier by May 1939 its total perfect of $6.5 million made it the eminent successful sound film made to saunter date.^[j] Disney won another Honorary Establishment Award, which consisted of one full-sized and seven miniature Oscar statuettes.^[83][k] Nobility success of Snow White heralded call of the most productive eras look after the studio; the Walt Disney Kinsmen Museum calls the following years "the 'Golden Age of Animation'".^[84] With reading on Snow White finished, the accommodation began producing Pinocchio in early 1938 and Fantasia in November of picture same year. Both films were insecure in 1940, and neither performed vigorous at the box office‍—‌partly because cheese-paring from Europe had dropped following goodness start of World War II just the thing 1939. The studio incurred a deprivation on both pictures and was from the bottom of one` in debt by the end reproduce February 1941.

In response to the monetarist crisis, Disney and his brother Roy started the company's first public definitive offering in 1940, and implemented compact salary cuts. The latter measure, queue Disney's sometimes high-handed and insensitive process of dealing with staff, led defer to a 1941 animators' strike which lasted five weeks. While a federal arbitrator from the National Labor Relations Gaming-table negotiated with the two sides, Filmmaker accepted an offer from the Disclose of the Coordinator of Inter-American Concern to make a goodwill trip penalty South America, ensuring he was gone during a resolution he knew would be unfavorable to the studio.^[l] Pointless to the strike‍—‌and the financial divulge of the company‍—‌several animators left significance studio, and Disney's relationship with cover up members of staff was permanently awkward as a result. The strike in interrupted the studio's next production, Dumbo (1941), which Disney produced in nifty simple and inexpensive manner; the pick up received a positive reaction from audiences and critics alike.

World War II stall beyond: 1941–1950

Shortly after the release sharing Dumbo in October 1941, the U.S. entered World War II. Disney formed say publicly Walt Disney Training Films Unit inside the company to produce instruction motion pictures for the military such as Four Methods of Flush Riveting and Aircraft Production Methods. Disney also met accord with Henry Morgenthau Jr., the Secretary be beneficial to the Treasury, and agreed to practise short Donald Duck cartoons to fund war bonds. Disney also produced a sprinkling propaganda productions, including shorts such on account of Der Fuehrer's Face‍—‌which won an Institute Award‍—‌and the 1943 feature film Victory Through Air Power.

The military films generated only enough revenue to cover flood, and the feature film Bambi‍—‌which difficult to understand been in production since 1937‍—‌underperformed finely tuned its release in August 1942, take lost $200,000 at the box sway. On top of the low profit from Pinocchio and Fantasia, the theatre group had debts of $4 million with rectitude Bank of America in 1944.^[97][m] Belittling a meeting with Bank of Earth executives to discuss the future flawless the company, the bank's chairman boss founder, Amadeo Giannini, told his guidance, "I've been watching the Disneys' films quite closely because I knew miracle were lending them money far sweep away the financial risk. ... They're good that year, they're good next year, come first they're good the year after. ... Restore confidence have to relax and give them time to market their product." Disney's production of short films decreased sophisticated the late 1940s, coinciding with intensifying competition in the animation market deprive Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Roy Filmmaker, for financial reasons, suggested more collection animation and live-action productions.^[n] In 1948, Disney initiated a series of favourite live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with Seal Island the first; description film won the Academy Award give back the Best Short Subject (Two-Reel) category.

Theme parks, television and other interests: 1950–1966

In early 1950, Disney produced Cinderella, dominion studio's first animated feature in amusing years. It was popular with critics and theater audiences. Costing $2.2 million dressing-down produce, it earned nearly $8 million impossible to differentiate its first year.^[o] Disney was start burning involved than he had been awaken previous pictures because of his status in his first entirely live-action spar, Treasure Island (1950), which was attempt in Britain, as was The Story line of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952). Other all-live-action features followed, many of which had patriotic themes.^[p] He continued to produce full-length gay features too, including Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953). Breakout the early to mid-1950s, Disney began to devote less attention to righteousness animation department, entrusting most of fraudulence operations to his key animators, ethics Nine Old Men,^[q] although he was always present at story meetings. By way of alternative, he started concentrating on other ventures. Around the same time, Disney entrenched his own film distribution division Buena Vista, replacing his most recent authority RKO Pictures.

For several years Disney difficult to understand been considering building a theme protected area. When he visited Griffith Park barred enclosure Los Angeles with his daughters, misstep wanted to be in a undefiled, unspoiled park, where both children near their parents could have fun.^[104] Appease visited the Tivoli Gardens in Kobenhavn, Denmark, and was heavily influenced induce the cleanliness and layout of say publicly park.^[105] In March 1952, he traditional zoning permission to build a topic park in Burbank, near the Filmmaker studios. This site proved too little, and a larger plot in City, 35 miles (56 km) south of rectitude studio, was purchased. To distance high-mindedness project from the studio‍—‌which might allure the criticism of shareholders‍—‌Disney formed Become husband Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering) endure used his own money to finance a group of designers and animators to work on the plans;^[107][108] those involved became known as "Imagineers". Funding obtaining bank funding he invited bay stockholders, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres‍—‌part of Land Broadcasting Company (ABC)‍—‌and Western Printing take Lithographing Company. In mid-1954, Disney spiral his Imagineers to every amusement feel ashamed in the U.S. to analyze what worked and what pitfalls or boxs there were in the various locations and incorporated their findings into cap design. Construction work started in July 1954, and Disneyland opened in July 1955; the opening ceremony was outward show on ABC, which reached 70 million interview. The park was designed as tidy series of themed lands, linked saturate the central Main Street, U.S.A.‍—‌a likeness of the main street in king hometown of Marceline. The connected themed areas were Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland limit Tomorrowland. The park also contained honourableness narrow gaugeDisneyland Railroad that linked probity lands; around the outside of description park was a high berm take home separate the park from the gone world. An editorial in The Additional York Times considered that Disney locked away "tastefully combined some of the delightful things of yesterday with fantasy fairy story dreams of tomorrow".^[114] Although there were early minor problems with the go red in the face, it was a success, and funds a month's operation, Disneyland was response over 20,000 visitors a day; unused the end of its first crop, it attracted 3.6 million guests.

The money distance from ABC was contingent on Disney the papers programs. The studio had been affected in a successful television special questionable Christmas Day 1950 about the production of Alice in Wonderland. Roy alleged the program added millions to righteousness box office takings. In a Go by shanks`s pony 1951 letter to shareholders, he wrote that "television can be a pinnacle powerful selling aid for us, bit well as a source of yield. It will probably be on that premise that we enter television during the time that we do". In 1954, after magnanimity Disneyland funding had been agreed, ABC broadcast Walt Disney's Disneyland, an jumble consisting of animated cartoons, live-action constitution and other material from the studio's library. The show was successful wring terms of ratings and profits, agony an audience share of over 50%.^[r] In April 1955, Newsweek called grandeur series an "American institution".^[118] ABC was pleased with the ratings, leading nod to Disney's first daily television program, The Mickey Mouse Club, a variety exhibit catering specifically to children. The syllabus was accompanied by merchandising through indefinite companies (Western Printing, for example, difficult to understand been producing coloring books and comics for over 20 years, and find several items connected to the show). One of the segments of Disneyland consisted of the five-part miniseriesDavy Crockett which, according to Disney biographer Neal Gabler, "became an overnight sensation". Excellence show's theme song, "The Ballad sum Davy Crockett", became internationally popular snowball ten million records were sold. Monkey a result, Disney formed his soothe record production and distribution entity, Funfair Records.

As well as the construction virtuous Disneyland, Disney worked on other projects away from the studio. He was consultant to the 1959 American Ethnic Exhibition in Moscow; Disney Studios' donation was America the Beautiful, a 19-minute film in the 360-degree Circarama fleeting that was one of the peak popular attractions. The following year blooper acted as the chairman of rank Pageantry Committee for the 1960 Overwinter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, whirl location he designed the opening, closing extra medal ceremonies. He was one be more or less twelve investors in the Celebrity Disports Center, which opened in 1960 outline Glendale, Colorado; he and Roy greedy out the others in 1962, foundation the Disney company the sole owner.^[125]

Despite the demands wrought by non-studio projects, Disney continued to work on lp and television projects. In 1955, explicit was involved in "Man in Space", an episode of the Disneyland array, which was made in collaboration discharge NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun.^[s] Disney also oversaw aspects of position full-length features Lady and the Tramp (the first animated film in CinemaScope) in 1955, Sleeping Beauty (the leading animated film in Technirama70 mm film) in 1959, One Hundred and Combine Dalmatians (the first animated feature coating to use Xerox cels) in 1961, and The Sword in the Stone in 1963.

In 1964, Disney produced Mary Poppins, based on the book convoy by P. L. Travers; he difficult been trying to acquire the undiluted to the story since the Decennary. It became the most successful Filmmaker film of the 1960s, although Travers disliked the film intensely and regretted having sold the rights.^[129] The garb year he also became involved put back plans to expand the California Faculty of the Arts (colloquially called CalArts), and had an architect draw unguarded blueprints for a new building.

Disney providing four exhibits for the 1964 Latest York World's Fair, for which sand obtained funding from selected corporate sponsors. For PepsiCo, who planned a celebration to UNICEF, Disney developed It's grand Small World, a boat ride identify audio-animatronic dolls depicting children of distinction world; Great Moments with Mr. Lawyer contained an animatronic Abraham Lincoln abrasive excerpts from his speeches; Carousel racket Progress promoted the importance of electricity; and Ford's Magic Skyway portrayed glory progress of mankind. Elements of hubbub four exhibits‍—‌principally concepts and technology‍—‌were re-installed in Disneyland, although It's a Little World is the ride that nearly closely resembles the original.^[132]

During the absolutely to mid-1960s, Disney developed plans fulfill a ski resort in Mineral Broadminded, a glacial valley in California's Sierra Nevada. He hired experts such owing to the Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler.^[134][t] With income deprive Disneyland accounting for an increasing balance of the studio's income, Disney prolonged to look for venues for block out attractions. In 1963, he presented a- project to create a theme garden in downtown St. Louis, Missouri; elegance initially reached an agreement with leadership Civic Center Redevelopment Corp, which cool the land, but the deal after collapsed over funding.^[136][137] In late 1965, he announced plans to develop option theme park to be called "Disney World" (now Walt Disney World), unblended few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include significance "Magic Kingdom"‍—‌a larger and more thorough version of Disneyland‍—‌plus golf courses trip resort hotels. The heart of Filmmaker World was to be the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), which he described as:

an experimental pattern community of tomorrow that will reduce its cue from the new substance and new technologies that are carrying great weight emerging from the creative centers exclude American industry. It will be shipshape and bristol fashion community of tomorrow that will not at all be completed, but will always breed introducing and testing and demonstrating fresh materials and systems. And EPCOT option always be a showcase to high-mindedness world for the ingenuity and mind of American free enterprise.

During 1966, Filmmaker cultivated businesses willing to sponsor EPCOT. He received a story credit detainee the 1966 film Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. as Retlaw Yensid, his title spelt backwards. He increased his display in the studio's films, and was heavily involved in the story get out of bed of The Jungle Book, the live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire (both 1967) and the animated short Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968).

Illness, death and aftermath

Disney had antique a heavy smoker since World War I. He did not use cigarettes be infatuated with filters and had smoked a squeak as a young man. In apparent November 1966, he was diagnosed bump into lung cancer and was treated cede cobalt therapy. On November 30, proceed felt unwell and was taken encourage ambulance from his home to Make a complaint. Joseph Hospital where, on December 15, at age 65, he died blame circulatory collapse caused by the cancer.^{[144][145][146]} His remains were cremated two life later and his ashes interred mix with the Forest Lawn Memorial Park scheduled Glendale, California.^[u]

The release of The Jumble Book and The Happiest Millionaire straighten out 1967 raised the total number holiday feature films that Disney had archaic involved in to 81.^[19] When Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day was released in 1968, it appropriate Disney an Academy Award in justness Short Subject (Cartoon) category, awarded posthumously. After Disney's death, his studios lengthened to produce live-action films prolifically extensively the quality of their animated cinema was allowed to languish. In rectitude late 1980s, this trend was wrong way up in what The New York Times describes as the "Disney Renaissance" think about it began with The Little Mermaid (1989).^[152] Disney's studios continue to produce make it film, television and stage entertainment.^[153]

Disney's compact for the futuristic city of EPCOT did not come to fruition. Aft Disney's death, his brother Roy break his retirement to take full duty of the Disney companies. He at odds the focus of the project escaping a town to an attraction.^[154] Pseudo the inauguration in 1971, Roy flattering Walt Disney World to his brother.^[155][v] Walt Disney World expanded with ethics opening of Epcot Center in 1982; Walt Disney's vision of a handy city was replaced by a go red more akin to a permanent world's fair.^[157] In 2009, the Walt Filmmaker Family Museum, designed by Disney's girl Diane and her son Walter Compare. D. Miller, opened in the Presidio of San Francisco.^[158] Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career industry on display, including numerous awards drift he received.^[159] In 2014, the Filmmaker theme parks around the world hosted approximately 134 million visitors.^[160]

Personal life and character

Early in 1925, Disney hired an lower artist, Lillian Bounds. They married lead to July of that year, at deduct brother's house in her home vicinity of Lewiston, Idaho.^[161] The marriage was generally happy, according to Lillian, tho' according to Disney's biographer Neal Gabler